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Moorgate tube crash
The Moorgate tube crash occurred on Friday 28 February 1975 at 08:46 on the Northern City Line, then operated by London Underground as the Northern line (Highbury Branch). A southbound train failed to stop at the Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel. Forty-three people died as a result of the crash, the greatest loss of life during peacetime in the London Underground, and a further seventy-four were injured. With no fault being found with the train equipment, the Department of the Environment report found that the driver had failed to slow the train and stop at the station and there was insufficient evidence to determine the cause.
A system that came to be known informally as Moorgate protection, which stops a train automatically if the driver fails to brake, was introduced at dead-ends on the London Underground.
==Collision==
On Friday 28 February 1975, the 08:38 service from Drayton Park on the London Underground Northern line, Highbury Branch, left one minute late. Formed of two three-car units of 1938 tube stock, on arrival at the station, the train failed to slow, passing through the station at , before entering the long overrun tunnel with a red stop-lamp, a sand drag and hydraulic buffer stop. The sand drag only slowed the train slightly, before the train collided heavily with the buffers and then the wall.
The Highbury Branch tunnels were built to accommodate surface line loading gauge trains and were high. The smaller diameter of the tube train involved allowed the first car to ride up over the hydraulic buffers, with the second coach driving under the first, leading to significant damage at this end. The leading driving car buckled at three points into a V shape and was crushed to less than half its length between the wall and the weight of the train piling up behind it. The third car was damaged at both ends, more significantly at the leading end as it rode over the second car. Approximately 300 passengers were on the train: 42 passengers and the driver died and 74 passengers were treated in hospital for their injuries.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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